ชาเขียว; สุดยอดเครื่องดื่มเพื่อสุขภาพ

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Hуgιєια
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ชาเขียว; สุดยอดเครื่องดื่มเพื่อสุขภาพ

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ชาเขียว; เป็นมากกว่าเครื่องดื่มแสนอร่อยที่หลายๆคนชื่นชอบ
♦ เช่นเดียวกับสมุนไพรอื่นๆ ที่มักใช้ในการรักษาและป้องกันโรค ชาเขียวเป็นที่รู้จักกันดีในด้าน คุณสมบัติต้านมะเร็ง และคุณประโยชน์อื่นๆอีกมากมาย!

Epigallocatechin gallate หรือ EGCG เป็น 'สารออกฤทธิ์ในชาเขียว ซึ่งในอุตสาหกรรมการผลิตยา ใช้เวลานานกว่าจะระบุว่า มีคุณสมบัติในการรักษาและป้องกันโรค

• การศึกษาทางวิทยาศาสตร์ที่สำรวจประสิทธิภาพของชาเขียวในการรักษา และป้องกันอาการต่างๆ ตัวอย่างงานวิจัยที่เกี่ยวข้อง:
  • สาเหตุการเสียชีวิต/อายุยืนยาว [23]
  • ข้ออักเสบ/ข้ออักเสบรูมาตอยด์ [14]
  • ไขมันสะสมที่ผนังหลอดเลือด [5]
  • โรคมะเร็ง [1][2][3][4][11]
  • โรคหัวใจและหลอดเลือด [6][7][11]
  • โรคเบาหวาน [18][19][23]
  • ความเสียหายของดีเอ็นเอ [20]
  • สารพิษจากสิ่งแวดล้อม [15]
  • โรคนิ่ว [25][26]
  • ความดันโลหิตสูง [9]
  • คลอเลสเตอรอลสูง [7][9][12]
  • โรคหัวใจ [5][7]
  • ไข้หวัดใหญ่,ระบบภูมิคุ้มกัน [21]
  • โรคตับ [8][10]
  • มะเร็งปอด ติดบุหรี่ [17]
  • โรคอ้วน [12][22]
  • โรคปอดบวม สาเหตุเสียชีวิต [16]
  • โรคหลอดเลือดสมอง [24]


  • [1] Flavonoids activated caspases for apoptosis in human glioblastoma T98G and U87MG cells but not in human normal astrocytes.
    Conclusions: Results strongly suggest that flavonoids are potential therapeutic agents for induction of apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells.
    PMID: 19894226 PMCID: PMC3159962 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24699

  • [2] Targeting CWR22Rv1 prostate cancer cell proliferation and gene expression by combinations of the phytochemicals EGCG, genistein and quercetin
    These results demonstrate the feasibility of developing a diet-based combinatorial approach for CaP prevention and treatment and raise the possibility that serum added to culture medium might affect uptake, bioavailability and biological efficacy of dietary phytochemicals.
    PMID: 19846946 PMCID: PMC3641843

    .
  • [3] Induction of apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells by green tea catechins
    Cell culture and animal studies have demonstrated strong chemopreventative effects of green tea and its associated polyphenols in multiple cancers, though the exact mechanisms of action are not well understood.
    PMID: 19729851 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.30.207


  • [4] Mechanisms of cancer prevention by tea constituents
    Consumption of tea (Camellia sinensis) has been suggested to prevent cancer, heart disease and other diseases. Animal studies have shown that tea and tea constituents inhibit carcinogenesis of the skin, lung, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, liver, prostate and other organs. In some studies, the inhibition correlated with an increase in tumor cell apoptosis and a decrease in cell proliferation. Studies with human cancer cell lines have demonstrated that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major tea polyphenol, inhibits mitogen-activated protein kinases, cyclin-dependent kinases, growth factor-related cell signaling, activation of activator protein 1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB), topoisomerase I and matrix metalloproteinases as well as other potential targets.
    PMID: 14519824 DOI: 10.1093/jn/133.10.3262S



    [5] Systematic review of green tea epigallocatechin gallate in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels of humans.
    We concluded that consumption of green tea EGCG resulted in a significant reduction of LDL-C at any baseline level and any dose between 107 and 856 mg/d, and the effect size was slightly dependent on the baseline lipid level of the subjects.
    Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2016 Jun 20:1-8. Epub 2016 Jun 20. PMID: 27324590




    [6] Green and black tea for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
    The limited evidence suggests that tea has favourable effects on CVD (Cardiovascular Disease) risk factors
    Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jun 18(6):CD009934. Epub 2013 Jun 18. PMID: 23780706




    [7] Green tea intake lowers fasting serum total and LDL cholesterol in adults: a meta-analysis of 14 randomized controlled trials.
    Green tea consumption significantly lowered the TC concentration by 7.20 mg/dL (95% CI: -8.19, -6.21 mg/dL; P<0.001) and significantly lowered the LDL-cholesterol (‘bad’ cholesterol) concentration by 2.19 mg/dL (95% CI: -3.16, -1.21 mg/dL; P<0.001).
    The analysis of eligible studies showed that the administration of green tea beverages or extracts resulted in significant reductions in serum TC and LDL-cholesterol concentrations, but no effect on HDL cholesterol (‘good’ cholesterol) was observed.
    Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Aug ;94(2):601-10. Epub 2011 Jun 29. PMID: 21715508




    [8] The effect of green tea intake on risk of liver disease: a meta analysis.
    RESULTS: Meta-analysis revealed that among green tea drinkers, there was a significant reduction in the risk of liver disease (RR=0.68, 95% CI=0.56-0.82, P=0.000). This trend extends to a broad spectrum of liver conditions including hepatocellular carcinoma (RR=0.74, 95% CI=0.56-0.97, P=0.027), liver steatosis (RR=0.65, 95% CI=0.44-0.98, P=0.039), hepatitis (RR=0.57, 95% CI=0.45-0.73, P=0.000), liver cirrhosis (RR=0.56, 95% CI=0.31-1.01, P=0.053) and chronic liver disease (RR=0.49, 95% CI=0.29-0.82, P=0.007). This trend is also observed regardless of the race of the individual concerned where the Asian, American and European subgroups all demonstrated a reduced risk of liver disease.
    CONCLUSIONS: Green tea intake reduces the risk of liver disease. However, more long term randomized clinical trials are needed to comprehensively evaluate the health benefits of green tea.
    Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8(6):8339-8346. Epub 2015 Jun 15. PMID: 26309486




    [9] The effect of green tea on blood pressure and lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
    A meta-analysis revealed a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure favouring green tea (MD: -1.94 mmHg; 95% CI: -2.95 to -0.93; I(2) = 8%; p = 0.0002).
    Similar results were also observed for total cholesterol (MD: -0.13 mmol/l; 95% CI: -0.2 to -0.07; I(2) = 8%; p<0.0001) and LDL cholesterol (MD: -0.19 mmol/l; 95% CI: -0.3 to -0.09; I(2) = 70%; p = 0.0004).
    Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2014 Aug ;24(8):823-36. Epub 2014 Jan 31. PMID: 24675010




    [10] Green Tea Consumption and the Risk of Liver Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.
    The summary relative risk for the highest consumption (≥5 cups/day) of green tea on liver cancer incidence compared with nondrinkers was 0.62 (95% confidence interval: 0.49-0.79)
    The downward trend was most obvious when the consumption of green tea increased up to about 4 cups/day.
    Nutr Cancer. 2017 Jan 17:1-10. Epub 2017 Jan 17. PMID: 28095030




    [GT11] Tea consumption and mortality of all cancers, CVD and all causes: a meta-analysis of eighteen prospective cohort studies.

    For all cancer mortality, the summary RR for the highest v. lowest category of green tea and black tea consumption were 1•06 (95 % CI 0•98, 1•15) and 0•79 (95 % CI 0•65, 0•97), respectively.
    For CVD mortality, the summary RR for the highest v. lowest category of green tea and black tea consumption were 0•67 (95 % CI 0•46, 0•96) and 0•88 (95 % CI 0•77, 1•01), respectively.

    For all-cause mortality, the summary RR for the highest v. lowest category of green tea and black tea consumption were 0•80 (95 % CI 0•68, 0•93) and 0•90 (95 % CI 0•83, 0•98), respectively.

    The dose-response analysis indicated that one cup per day increment of green tea consumption was associated with 5 % lower risk of CVD mortality and with 4 % lower risk of all-cause mortality.

    Green tea consumption was significantly inversely associated with CVD and all-cause mortality, whereas black tea consumption was significantly inversely associated with all cancer and all-cause mortality.
    Br J Nutr. 2015 Jul 23:1-11. Epub 2015 Jul 23. PMID: 26202661




    [12] Effects of green tea on lipid metabolism in overweight or obese people: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    The pooled results demonstrated that green tea significantly decreased plasma total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels in overweight or obese people.
    CONCLUSIONS: The meta-analysis shows that drinking green tea can lower plasma TC and LDL levels significantly.
    Mol Nutr Food Res. 2017 Jun 21. Epub 2017 Jun 21. PMID: 28636182




    [13] Tea consumption and the risk of ovarian cancer: A meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.
    We found that tea consumption had a significant protective effect against ovarian cancer (relative risk [RR] = 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76, 0.96).

    In conclusion, our meta-analysis showed an inverse association between tea consumption and ovarian cancer risk.
    Oncotarget. 2017 Jun 6 ;8(23):37796-37806. PMID: 28445129


    [14] The impact of dietary habits on the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis: a case-control study.
    The associations between rheumatoid arthritis development and variables including drinking 1-7 cups of coffee (OR = .44, CI .25-.76), ≥ 8 cups of coffee (OR = .50, CI .28-.90), full-fat milk (OR = 1.01, CI 1.003-1.03) per month, and intake of green tea (OR = .65, CI .45-.93) and solid oils (OR = 2.29, CI:1.57-3.34) were significant.

    Based on the findings, coffee consumption more than one cup per month and green tea might have preventive effects on developing rheumatoid arthritis.

    On the other hand, patients who consumed more full-fat milk per month and solid oil might be at risk of development of rheumatoid arthritis.
    Clin Rheumatol. 2018 May 22. Epub 2018 May 22. PMID: 29790108



    [15] Green tea attenuates benzene-induced oxidative stress in pump workers.
    These studies demonstrate that drinking green tea during benzene exposure can reduce several parameters indicative of oxidative stress.
    As such, as a dietary supplement, green tea could represent a potential therapeutic agent in reducing certain aspects of benzene-induced toxicity.
    J Immunotoxicol. 2008 Jan;5(1):69-80. PMID: 18382860



    [16] Green tea and death from pneumonia in Japan: the Ohsaki cohort study.
    In women, the multivariate HRs of death from pneumonia that were associated with different frequencies of green tea consumption were
    • 1.00 (reference) for<1 cup/day,
    • 0.59 (95% CI: 0.36, 0.98) for 1-2 cups/d,
    • 0.55 (95% CI: 0.33, 0.91) for 3-4 cups/d,
    and
    • 0.53 (95% CI: 0.33, 0.83) for ≥ 5 cups/day,

    respectively (P for trend: 0.008).
    Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Sep;90(3):672-9. Epub 2009 Jul 22. PMID: 19625686



    [17] Smoking, green tea consumption, genetic polymorphisms in the insulin-like growth factors and lung cancer risk.
    ...an elevated risk was observed in smokers who never drank green tea, as compared to smokers who drank green tea more than one cup per day (odds ratio (OR) = 13.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.96-58.51).

    Among green tea drinkers who drank more than one cup per day ... had a significantly reduced risk of lung cancer (OR = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.01-0.44).
    PLoS One. 2012 ;7(2):e30951. Epub 2012 Feb 7. PMID: 22347413



    [18] The use of green tea polyphenols for treating residual albuminuria in diabetic nephropathy: A double-blind randomised clinical trial.
    Treatment with GTP (green tea polyphenols) reduced UACR by 41%, while the placebo group saw a 2% increase in UACR (p = 0.019)
    Sci Rep. 2016 ;6:28282. Epub 2016 Jun 20. PMID: 27320846

  • [19] Habitual tea drinking associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes in Vietnamese adults.
    After accounting for confounding factors, increasing tea consumption was found to be associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes;
    the adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 0.66 (0.49, 0.89) for participants drinking >2 cups/day, relative to those drinking <1 cup/day.

    CONCLUSIONS: Habitual tea consumption is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes among Vietnamese adults.
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2018 ;27(3):701-706. PMID: 29737820

  • [20]Redox-linked effects of green tea on DNA damage and repair, and influence of microsatellite polymorphism in HMOX-1: results of a human intervention trial.
    Green tea is clearly associated with lowered DNA damage, increased hOGG1 activity and higher HMOX-1 protein levels.
    Mutagenesis. 2015 Jan ;30(1):129-37. PMID: 25527735

  • [21] Specific formulation of Camellia sinensis prevents cold and flu symptoms and enhances gamma, delta T cell function: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

    RESULTS: Among subjects taking CSF (Camellia Sinensis Formulation/Green Tea) there were 32.1% fewer subjects with symptoms (P = 0.035), 22.9% fewer overall illnesses of at least 2 days duration (P = 0.092), and 35.6% fewer symptom days (P < 0.002), compared to subjects taking placebo.

    CONCLUSIONS: This proprietary formulation of CSF is a safe and effective dietary supplement for preventing cold and flu symptoms, and for enhancing gammadelta T cell function.
    J Am Coll Nutr. 2007 Oct;26(5):445-52. PMID: 17914132




    [22] Therapeutic effect of high-dose green tea extract on weight reduction: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
    CONCLUSION: 12 weeks of treatment with high-dose green tea extract resulted in significant weight loss, reduced waist circumference, and a consistent decrease in total cholesterol and LDL plasma levels without any side effects or adverse effects in women with central obesity.
    Clin Nutr. 2015 May 29. Epub 2015 May 29. PMID: 26093535



    [23] Additive effects of green tea and coffee on all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Fukuoka Diabetes Registry.
    RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 309 participants died.
    The consumption of green tea, coffee, and a combination of the beverages was associated with reduced all-cause mortality.
    Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) for green tea were as follows:
    none 1.0 (referent);
    • 0.85 (0.60-1.22) for ≤1 cup/day;
    • 0.73 (0.51-1.03) for 2-3 cups/day;
    0.60 (0.42-0.85) for ≥4 cups/day;
    and P for trend, 0.002.

    CONCLUSIONS: Higher consumption of green tea and coffee was associated with reduced all-cause mortality: their combined effect appeared to be additive in patients with type 2 diabetes.
    BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2020 10 ;8(1). PMID: 33087342



    [24] Association between Green Tea Consumption and Risk of Stroke in Middle-Aged and Older Korean Men: The Health Examinees (HEXA) Study.

    Compared with green tea non-drinkers, individuals that consumed 1 to <3 cups/d or ≥3 cups/d of green tea had multivariable adjusted OR (CI) of stroke of 0.75 (0.59~0.97) and 0.62 (0.39~0.98), respectively, after adjusting for age and various confounders.
    In the subgroup analyses, an inverse association between green tea consumption and risk of stroke was identified among younger, non-hypertensive, and non-diabetic men.
    Higher consumption of green tea was inversely associated with stroke risk in middle-aged and older Korean men.
    Prev Nutr Food Sci. 2019 Mar ;24(1):24-31. Epub 2019 Mar 31. PMID: 31008093



    [25] Moderate, but not heavy, tea drinking decreased the associated risk of gallstones in a Taiwanese population.
    In multivariate analysis, the inverse relationship between tea drinking habit and gallstones was significant (OR = 0.807; 95% CI = 0.685-0.951, p = 0.010).
    Daily consumption of
    • 1-240 ml (OR = 0.741; 95% CI = 0.584-0.941, p = 0.014),
    but not ≥240 ml, was associated with reduced risk of gallstones.
    In addition, the
    • 1-19 cup-year group had significantly lower associated risk of gallstones (OR = 0.677; 95% CI = 0.534-0.857, p = 0.001), while the ≥19 cup-year group did not.
    Eur J Clin Nutr. 2018 Aug 22. Epub 2018 Aug 22. PMID: 30135551



    [26] Tea consumption and risk of biliary tract cancers and gallstone disease: a population-based case-control study in Shanghai, China
    RESULTS: Compared with tea non-drinkers, current tea consumption was inversely associated with risk of gallbladder cancer, extrahepatic bile duct cancer and gallstone disease among females with OR of 0.57 (95% CI: 0.34-0.96), 0.53 (95% CI: 0.27-1.03) and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.51-0.99), respectively.
    Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2005 Nov;27(11):667-71. PMID: 16438888


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